Jim Williams could potentially do 20% more work than his co-workers. But he was paid the same hourly wages. So a tacit culture of output cap per worker developed in the shop.

That was the situation at Safelite Glass at Columbus, Ohio before the company introduced the piecework pay system to shore up an inefficient auto glass replacement business.

The piecework rate coupled with a safety-net hourly wage minimum boosted average productivity per worker by 20%. The shared gain led to an average 10% increase in worker pay.

Because worker pay was directly linked to his output, absenteeism was reduced. Higher paychecks from piecework rate also reduced turnover of more productive workers and attracted better workers. All these led to a 36% increase in company output.

Increasing labor productivity through piecework rate is however difficult to pull off. High physical output might come at the expense of quality. In Safelite, shoddy jobs must be fixed by the responsible installer at his own expense. That was possible because poor quality was easily detectable and each job was clearly traced back to a specific worker due to a sophisticated computerized system.

Higher productivity might also lead to morale-destroying layoffs if business is not growing to absorb the higher output. But when all the stars are properly aligned, the favorable results are an economist's dream coming true.