Regulatory protection has led to legal price fixing in the title insurance oligopoly at the expense of home buyers.

Merger between firms making complementary components might be anti-competitive if the merged company can price their bundled products lower than the independent component makers.

Legacy habit of central planning has led to antitrust charges against Chinese vitamin C oligopoly.

Transferable fixed-supply permanent taxi licenses result in high taxi fare and poor service with only normal return to current license owners.

Orphan drugs are profitable because of third-party health insurance and favorable regulatory oversight.

Airlines deregulation has allowed more competitive discounters to grow at the expense of high-cost traditional hub-and-spokes airlines. But instead of exiting the market, the unprofitable traditional airlines hang on for dear life.

Mature oligopoly with a few large producers of homogeneous commodities is driven to output and price fixing to increase their profit.

One-size-fits-all occupational licensing often makes entry difficult for the less educated and basic services too expensive for low-income consumers.

Are major airlines that temporarily lower their fares to squeeze out their low-fare niche-market startup competitors guilty of predatory pricing?

Government regulation might protect the tobacco industry from ruinous lawsuits.

Econometric analysis of store checkout scanners' data can directly predict whether a proposed merger will raise prices.